Uyini umehluko phakathi kwensimbi engagqwali 304, 304L, 316 no-316l?

Iyiphi insimbi yensimbi engenacala?

Insimbi engenasici uhlobo lwensimbi. Insimbi ibhekisa kwensimbi equkethe ngaphansi kuka-2% Carbon (C), futhi ngaphezulu kwe-2% yinsimbi. Adding chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn), silicon (Si), titanium (Ti), molybdenum (Mo), and other alloying elements in the steel smelting process improves the performance of the steel and makes the steel have corrosion resistance (that is, no rust) is what we often call stainless steel.
Kusho ukuthini ngempela "insimbi" ne- "iron", yiziphi izici, futhi buyini ubudlelwano phakathi kwabo? Sasivame ukukhuluma kanjani ama-304, 304l, kanye nama-316L kanjani avela kuwo, futhi umehluko muni phakathi kwabo?
I-Steel: impahla enensimbi njengento enkulu, okuqukethwe yi-carbon ngokuvamile ngaphansi kwe-2%, nezinye izinto. --Gb / t 13304-91 "Ukuhlukaniswa kwensimbi"
I-Iron: into yensimbi enenombolo ye-athomu 26. Izinto zensimbi zine-ferromagnetism eqinile, i-plastiki enhle, kanye nokusebenza okushisayo.
Insimbi engenasici: Ukumelana nomoya, umusi, amanzi, neminye imithombo yezindaba ebuthakathaka noma insimbi engagqwali. Amamaki ensimbi asetshenziswa kaningi angama-304, 304l, angama-316, kanye nama-316l, okuyi-300-chungechunge steel yensimbi yensimbi e-auntenitic.

 

Kungani insimbi engagqwali inamanani ensimbi ahlukile?

Ngesikhathi senqubo yokunqwabelana yensimbi engenasici, ngenxa yezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezinto ezengeziwe ezingeziwe, inani lezinhlobo ezahlukene ezingeziwe zihlukile. Izici zalo zihlukile. Ukuze ubahlukanise, izinombolo zensimbi ezahlukahlukene zithwetshiwe. Okulandelayo itafula le- "alloy element" lezinombolo zensimbi ezihlukile zensimbi evamile engabhalisi yensimbi engagqwali ukuze ireferensi kuphela:
Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali (ingxenye enkulu,%)

 

 

 

Isingeniso sokusebenza: 

I-304 Insimbi Engagqwali yibanga lensimbi elivame kakhulu. Njengensimbi esetshenziswa kabanzi, inokumelana kahle nokugqwala, ukumelana nokushisa, amandla aphansi {{2}, kanye nezakhiwo zemishini; Inokusebenza okuhle okushisayo njengokuthi ukunyathela nokugoba futhi akunakho ukwelashwa okushisa okulondoloziwe kwe-phenomenon (ama-non -}}, izinga lokushisa elifanelekile -196℃c ~ 800 degree).

 

Isikali esisebenzayo:

Izimpahla zasendlini (isigaba 1 no-2 i-Tableware, amakhabethe, amapayipi angaphakathi, ama-heather amanzi, ama-boilers, ama-bathtubs);
Izingxenye ze-auto (windshield wipers, ama-muffler, ukubumba);
Imishini yezokwelashwa, izinto zokwakha, amakhemikhali, imboni yokudla, ezolimo, nezingxenye zokuthumela.

 

 

Isingeniso sokusebenza:

Njengensimbi ephansi - i-carbon 304 yensimbi, ukumelana kwayo kokugqwala kuyafana nalokho kwensimbi engu-304 ngokuvamile. Kodwa-ke, ngemuva kokufudumala noma impumuzo yengcindezi, imelana nokumelana okuhle nokuqina komngcele wokusanhlamvu; Futhi kungagcina ukumelana kahle kokugqwala ngaphandle kokwelashwa okushisa, futhi izinga lokushisa lensizakalo liyi-166℃C kuya ku-800℃C.

 

Isikali esisebenzayo:

Kusetshenziswe emishini yensimu kumakhemikhali, amalahle, kanye nezimboni zikaPetroleum ezidinga ukumelana okuphezulu kokugqwala kwemingcele yokusanhlamvu, izingxenye ezivimbela ukumelana kwezinto zokwakha, kanye nezingxenye ezinzima ukukushisa.

 

 

 

Isingeniso sokusebenza:

Ngenxa yokungezwa kwe-molybdenum, i-316 insimbi engagqwali inokumelana kahle nokugqwala okuqinile, ukumelana nokugqwala komoya, kanye namandla aphezulu -, futhi kungasetshenziswa ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima; Inomsebenzi omuhle kakhulu wokuqina (cha -.

 

Isikali esisebenzayo:

Imishini esetshenziswa emanzini olwandle, amakhemikhali, udayi, ephepheni, i-oxalic acid, umanyolo kanye neminye imishini yokukhiqiza; Ukuthwebula izithombe, imboni yokudla, izikhungo zasendaweni yasogwini, izintambo, izinduku ze-CD, ama-bolts, namantongomane.

 

 

 

 

Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali

 

Ukuthayipha	C Umnciphikazi	O Umnciphikazi	P Umnciphikazi	C Umnciphikazi	Isazi Umnciphikazi	C	Ni	Mo	-nye nje
304	0.08	2.0	0.045	0.03	1.0	18-20	8-12		--
304L	0.03	2.0	0.045	0.03	1.0	18-20	8-12		--
316	0.08	2.0	0.045	0.03	1.0	16-18	10-14	2-3	--
316L	0.03	2.0	0.045	0.03	1.0	16-18	10-14	2-3	--

 

I-316 ne-316l insimbi engagqwali i-molybdenum - equkethe izinhlobo zensimbi engagqwali. Okuqukethwe kwe-molybdenum ngensimbi engama-316l kuphakeme kancane kunaleyo ngo-316 insimbi engagqwali. Ngenxa ye-molybdenum ngensimbi, ukusebenza okuphelele kwale kwensimbi kungcono kunaleso esingu-310 no-304 insimbi engagqwali. Ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa eziphakeme Ukungena ngemuva kokushiswa kwe-welding akunakwenzeka futhi lapho kudingeka khona ukumelana okukhulu kokugqwala.

 

Ukumelana nokugqwala

Ukumelana nokugqwala kwensimbi engagqwali kungcono kunalokho kwensimbi engama-304 engagqwali, futhi kunomelana kahle nokuphikiswa kokukhiqizwa kwenqubo yokukhiqiza ye-pulp nephepha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-316 insimbi engagqwali futhi iyamelana nokuguguleka kwasolwandle ngezimboni zasemanzini nakulaka.

Ngokuvamile, akukho mehluko omkhulu phakathi kwensimbi engama-304 engagqwali nensimbi engama-316 engenasici maqondana nokuphikiswa kokugqwala kwamakhemikhali, kepha kunomehluko kweminye imithombo yezindaba ethile.

Insimbi engenacala ekuqaleni yathuthukiswa yayingama-304, azwela ekugqwaneni okukhohlisayo ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile. Ukungeza okwengeziwe okungu-2-3% molybdenum kunciphisa lokhu kuzwela, futhi ngenxa yalokho kuzalwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le molybdenum eyengeziwe inganciphisa ukubhujiswa kwamanye ama-organic audic ashisayo.

Insimbi engama-316 icishe ibe yinto ecishe ibe khona emkhakheni wokudla kanye nophuzo. Ngenxa yokushoda komhlaba wonke we-molybderum kanye nokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-nickel ngensimbi engama-316 ngensimbi engenasici, i-316 insimbi engagqwali iyabiza kakhulu kunensimbi engama-304 engagqwali.

Pitting corrosion is a phenomenon mainly caused by deposition corrosion on the surface of stainless steel, which cannot form a protective layer of chromium oxide due to a lack of oxygen.

Ikakhulu ngama-valve amancanyana, amathuba okufakwa ku-valve Plate incane kakhulu, ngakho-ke ukugqwala okukhonkotha nakho kuyaqabukela.

Ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zemithombo yamanzi (amanzi aphuzekile, amanzi okuphuza, amanzi omfula, amanzi olwandle, i-njll.

Ezimweni eziningi, akukho mehluko omkhulu phakathi kokuphikiswa kokugqwala kwensimbi engama-304 engagqwali kanye nensimbi engama-316 engagqwali, kodwa kwezinye izikhathi,

 

Ukumelana nokushisa

Ekusetshenzisweni kwezikhathi ezithile ngaphansi kwama-degrees angama-1600 futhi ukusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo ngaphansi kwama-degree angama-1700, i-316 insimbi engenacala inokumelana ne-oxidation enhle. Ebangeni lama-degree angama-800-1575, kungcono ukungasebenzisi insimbi engagqwali, kepha i-316 insimbi engagqwali isetshenziswa ngokuqhubekayo ngaphandle kwalolu banga lokushisa, insimbi engenasici inokuphikiswa okuhle kokushisa okuhle. Ukumelana kwezulu kwezulu kwensimbi engu-316L yensimbi engenacala kungcono kunaleyo yensimbi engama-316 engagqwali, futhi uhla lokushisa olungenhla lungasetshenziswa.

 

Ukwelashwa okushisa

I-Annelung yenziwa ngobubanzi bezinga lokushisa lama-1850-2050 degrees, alandelwa ukusheshisa okusheshayo kanye nokupholisa okusheshayo

 

Ukufudumeza

Insimbi engu-316 engenasici inokusebenza okuhle kwe-welding. Zonke izindlela ezijwayelekile ze-welding zingasetshenziselwa ukufudumala. Ngokusho kohlelo lokusebenza, i-316cb, 316l, noma 309cc Insimbi Engagqwali izinduku noma izinduku ze-welding zingasetshenziselwa ukufudumala. Ukuze uthole ukumelana okungcono kakhulu kokugqwala, ingxenye ye-welded yensimbi engu-316 yensimbi engenasici ukuze idutshulwe ngemuva kokushiswa. Uma kusetshenziswa insimbi engagqwali ye-316l, iposi

 

Izakhiwo zemishini

 

Ukuthayipha	Its N / mm	Veza N / mm	Elongation %	Ubunzima I-HRB	Inombolo ye-DIN
					yencele	bumba
304	600	210	60	80	1.4301	1.4308
304L	530	200	50	70	1.4306	1.4552
316	560	210	60	78	1.4401	1.4408
316L	530	200	50	75	1.4406	1.4581

 

Kuwo wonke amansimbi, ama-auntenitutic ama-stainless angenasici anendawo ephansi kakhulu yesivuno. Ngakho-ke, ngokuya ngezezakhiwo zemishini, insimbi engenacala engenasici akuyona into engcono kakhulu yesiqu se-valve, ngoba ukuqinisekisa amandla athile, ububanzi besiqu se-valve buzokwanda. Iphuzu lesivuno alikwazi ukwanda ngokwelashwa kokushisa, kepha lingandiswa ngokukhaza kwakhiwa.

 

Umgcanjethi

Ngenxa yokusetshenziswa okubanzi kwensimbi ye-auntenitic engagqwali, abantu banombono ongalungile wokuthi wonke ama-steres angenasici awawona amabuthe. Ngensimbi e-auntenitic engagqwali, ngokuyisisekelo angaqondakala njengezibuthe ze- -}, futhi kuyiqiniso ngensimbi ecinyiwe. Kepha kusetshenzwe ama-304 ngokubukwa okubandayo kuzoba yize zinzima. Okwensimbi yensimbi, uma kuyinsimbi e-100% yensimbi engenacala, akuyona ingozi.

 

 

 

Ukumelana nokugqwala kwensimbi ye-auntenitic engenasici kuvela ku-chromium oxium ongide evikelekile ebusweni bensimbi. Uma okuqukethwe kufudunyezwa kokushisa okuphezulu kwama-450℃kuya ku-900 degree, ukwakheka kwezinguquko ezibonakalayo, kanye ne-chromium carbusides yakha imiphetho yekristalu. Ngale ndlela, ungqimba oluvikelayo lwe-chromium oxide alunakusungulwa emaphethelweni ekristalu, okuholele ekunciphiseni ukuqina. Lokhu kuvulwa kubizwa ngokuthi "ukugqwala kwenhlangano".

Ngenxa yalokho, insimbi engenacala engama-304l nensimbi engama-316l yenzelwe ukulwa nalokhu kuqhubeka. Kokubili insimbi engasenzi i-304L nensimbi engenasici

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukuthambekela okuphezulu kokugqwala kolunye izwe akusho ukuthi okungeyona eye- - izinto eziphansi zekhabhoni zithambekele kakhulu ekubhujisweni. Lokhu kuzwela nakho kukhuphuke ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu -.

Uyacelwa ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi le nto ingekamazinga aphezulu (450℃-900 degree). Imvamisa ukuthengisa kuyimbangela eqondile yokufinyelela kwalolu lokushisa. Ngezihlalo ezithambile zevemvane uvemvane ama-valves awenzi umqondo omningi ukuthi ahambe ne-carbon ephansi ngoba asishintshile ku-disc, yize ukucaciswa okuningi kuzodinga i-304L noma i-316L.

 

 

Kungani insimbi engagqwali igcwele ukugqwala? Lapho amabala ezinsundu (amaphuzu) avela ebusweni bamapayipi ensimbi engagqwali, abantu bayamangala: bacabanga ukuthi "insimbi engenasici ayinalutho, futhi ingabi yinkinga." Eqinisweni, lena yi- - Ehlaselwe ukungaqondile ngokuntuleka kokuqonda kwensimbi engenasici. Insimbi engenasici futhi ingathola ukugqwala ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile.

Insimbi engenasici inamandla okumelana ne-oxidation emkhathini - okungukuthi, ayigqwayi, futhi nayo inamandla okugcwaliswa kwabezindaba aqukethe ama-acid, i-alkali kanye nosawoti - okungukuthi, ukumelana nosawoti. Kepha usayizi we-anti - Ikhono lokugqwala lishintshwa ngokuqanjwa kwamakhemikhali kwensimbi yalo uqobo, isimo sokuqiniswa, izimo zenkonzo kanye nohlobo oluphakathi lwezemvelo. Njengamapayipi ensimbi angama-304, emkhathini wokuhlanzwa owomile, ngokuphelele ukumelana nekhono lokuvusa amakhono kuyahlelwa, kepha kudluliselwe eRiviera amandla kasawoti, kungekudala aqukethe ukugqwala ngosawoti, maduze nje azokhula; Ipayipi lensimbi lama-316 lenziwa kahle. Ngakho-ke, hhayi noma yiluphi uhlobo lwensimbi engagqwali olungamelana nokugqwala nokugqwala kunoma iyiphi imvelo.

 

Ufuna ama-fasteners?
Chofoza ngezansi ukuze udlulise amehlo kukhathalogi ebanzi ye-Aya Fallenders 'ebanzi, kufaka phakathi izikulufo ezisezingeni eliphakeme -, ama-bolts, ama-washer, nemikhiqizo yamantongomane.